| HP:0000007 | Autosomal recessive inheritance | "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in homozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, autosomal recessive disorders manifest in homozygotes (with two copies of the mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000028 | Cryptorchidism | "Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the testis." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000050 | Hypoplastic genitalia | |
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| HP:0000110 | Renal dysplasia | |
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| HP:0000158 | Macroglossia | "Increased length and width of the tongue." [pmid:19125428] |
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| HP:0000175 | Cleft palate | "Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the `palate` (FMA:54549) resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000176 | Submucous cleft palate | "A cleft palate that is covered by the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth, which can make the cleft more difficult to observe upon physical examination. Soft-palate submucous clefts are characterized by a midline deficiency or lack of muscle tissue. Hard-palate submucous clefts are characterized by bony defects in the midline of the bony palate. It may be possible to detect a submucous cleft palate upon palpation as a notch in the bony palate." [HPO:curators, pmid:19779505] |
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| HP:0000193 | Bifid uvula | "A split or cleft uvula." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000204 | Cleft lip | "A gap in the `upper lip` (FMA:59817). This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000238 | Hydrocephalus | |
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| HP:0000252 | Microcephaly | "Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is more than two standard deviations smaller than the age- and gender-dependent norm." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000256 | Macrocephaly | "The presence of an abnormally large `skull` (FMA:46565)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000358 | Posteriorly rotated ears | "A type of `abnormal location of the ears` (HP:0000357) in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000369 | Low-set ears | "Low-set ears are defined to be set below an arbitrary line drawn between the lateral canthus of the eye and the occipital protruberance." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000411 | Protruding ears | |
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| HP:0000413 | External auditory canal atresia | "Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000482 | Microcornea | "A congenital abnormality of the `cornea` (FMA:58238) in which the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye are smaller than normal. The horizontal diameter of the cornea does not reach 10 mm even in adulthood." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000485 | Megalocornea | "An enlargement of the `cornea` (FMA:58238) with normal clarity and function. Megalocornea is diagnosed with a horizontal corneal diameter of 12 mm or more at birth or 13 mm or more after two years of age." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000486 | Strabismus | "Strabismus (also known as squint) is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000501 | Glaucoma | "Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000505 | Impaired vision | |
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| HP:0000518 | Cataract | "A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline `lens` (FMA:58241) of the eye or in its `capsule` (FMA:58881)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000528 | Anophthalmia | "Absence of a true eyeball." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000541 | Detached retina | |
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| HP:0000545 | Myopia | |
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| HP:0000556 | Retinal dystrophy | |
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| HP:0000557 | Buphthalmos | "Buphthalmos refers to a congenital open-angle glaucoma of the eye. The term buphthalmos (from Greek bous or ox and ophthalmos or eye) is descriptive of an enlarged eyeglobe resulting from increased intraocular pressure. The eyeglobe is especially prone to distension in newborns and infants because its collagen filaments are not as rigid as in adults and may easily be stretched." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000568 | Microphthalmos | "A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000589 | Coloboma | "A developmental defect characterized by a cleft of some portion of the `eye` (FMA:54448`) or ocular adnexa." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000609 | Optic nerve hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0000612 | Iris coloboma | "A `coloboma` (HP:0000589) of the `iris` (FMA:58235)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000618 | Blindness | |
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| HP:0000648 | Optic atrophy | |
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| HP:0000654 | Decreased electroretinogram (ERG) | |
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| HP:0000659 | Peters anomaly | |
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| HP:0000666 | Nystagmus, horizontal | |
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| HP:0001105 | Retinal atrophy | |
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| HP:0001249 | Mental retardation | |
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| HP:0001250 | Seizures | "Seizures are an intermittent `abnormality of the central nervous system` (FMA:HP:0002011) due to a sudden, excessive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons and characterized clinically by some combination of disturbance of sensation, loss of consciousness, impairment of psychic function, or convulsive movements." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0001252 | Muscular hypotonia | "Muscular hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is characterized by a diminished resistance to passive stretching." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001263 | Developmental retardation | "A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones manifested prior to age 18 and generally associated with lifelong mental and/or physical impairments." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001265 | Hyporeflexia | |
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| HP:0001270 | Motor retardation | |
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| HP:0001274 | Agenesis of corpus callosum | "Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001276 | Hypertonia | |
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| HP:0001284 | Areflexia | |
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| HP:0001288 | Gait disturbance | "The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. In general, this can refer to neurological diseases but also fractures or other sources of pain that is triggered upon walking. However, in the current context gait disturbance refers to difficulty walking on the basis of a neurological or muscular disease." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001290 | Generalized hypotonia | "Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001302 | Pachygyria | "A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere chacterized by unusually thick gyrations (convolutions) of the cerebral cortex." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001305 | Dandy-Walker malformation | "A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman s terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the body s ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001321 | Cerebellar hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0001324 | Muscle weakness | "Reduced strength of muscles." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001328 | Learning disability | |
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| HP:0001331 | Absent septum pellucidum | "Absence of the septum pellucidum." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001360 | Holoprosencephaly | "Holoprosencephaly is a structural anomaly of the brain in which the developing forebrain fails to divide into two separate hemispheres and ventricles." [gc:hpe] |
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| HP:0001371 | Contractures | |
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| HP:0001425 | Heterogeneous | |
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| HP:0001460 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the musculature | "Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001608 | Abnormality of the voice | "Any abnormality of the voice." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001771 | Achilles tendon contractures | |
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| HP:0002023 | Anal atresia | "Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002079 | Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum | "Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002085 | Occipital encephalocele | |
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| HP:0002126 | Polymicrogyria | "A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere characterized by an excessive number of small gyri (convolutions) on the surface of the brain." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002167 | Neurological speech impairment | |
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| HP:0002187 | Mental retardation, profound | "Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002189 | Excessive daytime sleepiness | |
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| HP:0002269 | Neuronal migration disorder | |
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| HP:0002353 | EEG abnormalities | "Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain s spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002365 | Hypoplasia of the brainstem | |
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| HP:0002395 | Lower limb hyperreflexia | |
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| HP:0002435 | Meningocele | |
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| HP:0002518 | Periventricular white matter changes | |
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| HP:0002803 | Congenital contractures | |
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| HP:0002987 | Elbow contractures | |
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| HP:0003198 | Myopathy | |
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| HP:0003202 | Amyotrophy | "The presence of muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003236 | Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase | |
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| HP:0003457 | Abnormal EMG findings | "Abnormal results of investigations using electromyography (EMG)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003458 | EMG myopathic abnormalities | "The presence of abnormal electromyographic patterns indicative of myopathy, such as small-short polyphasic motor unit potentials." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003487 | Babinski sign | "Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003560 | Muscular dystrophy | "The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the apoptosis of muscle cells." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003593 | Early onset | |
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| HP:0003701 | Proximal muscle weakness | "A lack of strength of the proximal muscles." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003741 | Congenital muscular dystrophy | |
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| HP:0003812 | Phenotypic variability | |
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| HP:0004322 | Decreased body height | "A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0004374 | Hemiplegia/hemiparesis | "Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a severe or complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to a relatively mild loss of strength." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0006829 | Severe muscular hypotonia | "A severe degree of muscular hypotonia characterized by markedly reduced muscle tone." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0006888 | Meningoencephalocele | |
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| HP:0006891 | Thick cerebral cortex | |
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| HP:0007033 | Cerebellar dysplasia | |
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| HP:0007227 | Brain macrogyria and polymicrogyria | |
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| HP:0007260 | Type II lissencephaly | |
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| HP:0007291 | Posterior fossa cysts | |
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| HP:0007360 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum | |
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| HP:0007731 | Chorioretinal dysplasia | |
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| HP:0007957 | Variable degree of corneal opacities | |
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| HP:0007973 | Retinal dysplasia | |
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| HP:0008551 | Underdeveloped ears | |
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| HP:0008736 | Hypoplasia of penis | |
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| HP:0009473 | Joint contractures involving the joints of the hand | |
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| HP:0010508 | Metatarsus valgus | "A condition in which the anterior part of the foot rotates outward away from the midline of the body and the heel remains straight." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0010628 | Facial muscle weakness | "A weakness of any or all of the muscles of the face of any etiology." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0010864 | Mental retardation, severe | "Moderate mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0012110 | Hypoplasia of the pons | "Underdevelopment of the `pons` (FMA:67943)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0012400 | Abnormal aldolase level | "An abnormal concentration of aldolase in the serum. Aldolase is an enzyme responsible for converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0040081 | Abnormal levels of creatine kinase in blood | |
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| HP:0045040 | Abnormal lactate dehydrogenase activity | |
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| HP:0100543 | Cognitive impairment | "Abnormality in the process of thought including the ability to process information." [HPO:sdoelken] |
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