| HP:0000007 | Autosomal recessive inheritance | "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in homozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, autosomal recessive disorders manifest in homozygotes (with two copies of the mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000028 | Cryptorchidism | "Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the testis." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000176 | Submucous cleft palate | "A cleft palate that is covered by the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth, which can make the cleft more difficult to observe upon physical examination. Soft-palate submucous clefts are characterized by a midline deficiency or lack of muscle tissue. Hard-palate submucous clefts are characterized by bony defects in the midline of the bony palate. It may be possible to detect a submucous cleft palate upon palpation as a notch in the bony palate." [HPO:curators, pmid:19779505] |
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| HP:0000193 | Bifid uvula | "A split or cleft uvula." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000238 | Hydrocephalus | |
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| HP:0000252 | Microcephaly | "Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is more than two standard deviations smaller than the age- and gender-dependent norm." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000256 | Macrocephaly | "The presence of an abnormally large `skull` (FMA:46565)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000358 | Posteriorly rotated ears | "A type of `abnormal location of the ears` (HP:0000357) in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000369 | Low-set ears | "Low-set ears are defined to be set below an arbitrary line drawn between the lateral canthus of the eye and the occipital protruberance." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000411 | Protruding ears | |
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| HP:0000482 | Microcornea | "A congenital abnormality of the `cornea` (FMA:58238) in which the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye are smaller than normal. The horizontal diameter of the cornea does not reach 10 mm even in adulthood." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000486 | Strabismus | "Strabismus (also known as squint) is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000501 | Glaucoma | "Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000505 | Impaired vision | |
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| HP:0000518 | Cataract | "A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline `lens` (FMA:58241) of the eye or in its `capsule` (FMA:58881)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000528 | Anophthalmia | "Absence of a true eyeball." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000541 | Detached retina | |
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| HP:0000545 | Myopia | |
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| HP:0000556 | Retinal dystrophy | |
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| HP:0000568 | Microphthalmos | "A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000609 | Optic nerve hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0000612 | Iris coloboma | "A `coloboma` (HP:0000589) of the `iris` (FMA:58235)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000618 | Blindness | |
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| HP:0000648 | Optic atrophy | |
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| HP:0001249 | Mental retardation | |
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| HP:0001250 | Seizures | "Seizures are an intermittent `abnormality of the central nervous system` (FMA:HP:0002011) due to a sudden, excessive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons and characterized clinically by some combination of disturbance of sensation, loss of consciousness, impairment of psychic function, or convulsive movements." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0001252 | Muscular hypotonia | "Muscular hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is characterized by a diminished resistance to passive stretching." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001263 | Developmental retardation | "A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones manifested prior to age 18 and generally associated with lifelong mental and/or physical impairments." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001265 | Hyporeflexia | |
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| HP:0001274 | Agenesis of corpus callosum | "Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001276 | Hypertonia | |
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| HP:0001284 | Areflexia | |
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| HP:0001288 | Gait disturbance | "The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. In general, this can refer to neurological diseases but also fractures or other sources of pain that is triggered upon walking. However, in the current context gait disturbance refers to difficulty walking on the basis of a neurological or muscular disease." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001302 | Pachygyria | "A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere chacterized by unusually thick gyrations (convolutions) of the cerebral cortex." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001305 | Dandy-Walker malformation | "A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman s terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the body s ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001321 | Cerebellar hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0001324 | Muscle weakness | "Reduced strength of muscles." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001328 | Learning disability | |
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| HP:0001331 | Absent septum pellucidum | "Absence of the septum pellucidum." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001360 | Holoprosencephaly | "Holoprosencephaly is a structural anomaly of the brain in which the developing forebrain fails to divide into two separate hemispheres and ventricles." [gc:hpe] |
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| HP:0001460 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the musculature | "Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001608 | Abnormality of the voice | "Any abnormality of the voice." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002126 | Polymicrogyria | "A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere characterized by an excessive number of small gyri (convolutions) on the surface of the brain." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002167 | Neurological speech impairment | |
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| HP:0002350 | Cerebellar cysts | |
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| HP:0002353 | EEG abnormalities | "Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain s spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002435 | Meningocele | |
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| HP:0003198 | Myopathy | |
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| HP:0003202 | Amyotrophy | "The presence of muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003236 | Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase | |
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| HP:0003457 | Abnormal EMG findings | "Abnormal results of investigations using electromyography (EMG)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003560 | Muscular dystrophy | "The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the apoptosis of muscle cells." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0004374 | Hemiplegia/hemiparesis | "Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a severe or complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to a relatively mild loss of strength." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0006829 | Severe muscular hypotonia | "A severe degree of muscular hypotonia characterized by markedly reduced muscle tone." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0007033 | Cerebellar dysplasia | |
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| HP:0007227 | Brain macrogyria and polymicrogyria | |
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| HP:0007260 | Type II lissencephaly | |
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| HP:0007360 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum | |
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| HP:0007731 | Chorioretinal dysplasia | |
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| HP:0007957 | Variable degree of corneal opacities | |
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| HP:0007973 | Retinal dysplasia | |
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| HP:0008736 | Hypoplasia of penis | |
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| HP:0010508 | Metatarsus valgus | "A condition in which the anterior part of the foot rotates outward away from the midline of the body and the heel remains straight." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0012110 | Hypoplasia of the pons | "Underdevelopment of the `pons` (FMA:67943)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0012400 | Abnormal aldolase level | "An abnormal concentration of aldolase in the serum. Aldolase is an enzyme responsible for converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0040081 | Abnormal levels of creatine kinase in blood | |
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| HP:0045040 | Abnormal lactate dehydrogenase activity | |
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| HP:0100543 | Cognitive impairment | "Abnormality in the process of thought including the ability to process information." [HPO:sdoelken] |
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