ENSG00000171759


Homo sapiens

Features
Gene ID: ENSG00000171759
  
Biological name :PAH
  
Synonyms : P00439 / PAH / phenylalanine hydroxylase
  
Possible biological names infered from orthology :
  
Species: Homo sapiens
  
Chr. number: 12
Strand: -1
Band: q23.2
Gene start: 102836885
Gene end: 102958410
  
Corresponding Affymetrix probe sets: 205719_s_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   209986_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   217583_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   242375_x_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   244742_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   
  
Cross references: Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000446658
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000489230
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000489016
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000448059
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000447620
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000303500
NCBI entrez gene - 5053     See in Manteia.
OMIM - 612349
RefSeq - NM_000277
RefSeq - NM_001354304
RefSeq Peptide - NP_000268
RefSeq Peptide - NP_001341233
swissprot - J3KND8
swissprot - A0A0U1RQY4
swissprot - P00439
swissprot - A0A0U1RQI3
swissprot - A0A024RBG4
swissprot - F8W0A0
swissprot - F8W1D4
Ensembl - ENSG00000171759
  
Related genetic diseases (OMIM): 261600 - Phenylketonuria, 261600
See expression report in BioGPS
See gene description in Wikigenes
See gene description in GeneCards
See co-cited genes in PubMed


Ortholog prediction (from Ensembl)
Ortholog nameID Species
 pahENSDARG00000020143Danio rerio
 PAHENSGALG00000012754Gallus gallus
 PahENSMUSG00000020051Mus musculus


Paralog prediction (from Ensembl)
Paralog nameIDSimilarity(%)
TPH2 / Q8IWU9 / tryptophan hydroxylase 2ENSG0000013928755
TPH1 / P17752 / tryptophan hydroxylase 1ENSG0000012916754
TH / P07101 / tyrosine hydroxylaseENSG0000018017651


Protein motifs (from Interpro)
Interpro ID Name
 IPR001273  Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
 IPR002912  ACT domain
 IPR005961  Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, tetrameric form
 IPR018301  Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, iron/copper binding site
 IPR019773  Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like
 IPR019774  Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, C-terminal
 IPR036329  Aromatic amino acid monoxygenase, C-terminal domain superfamily
 IPR036951  Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase superfamily


Gene Ontology (GO)
TypeGO IDTermEv.Code
 biological_processGO:0006559 L-phenylalanine catabolic process IEA
 biological_processGO:0008152 metabolic process IEA
 biological_processGO:0008652 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process TAS
 biological_processGO:0009072 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process IEA
 biological_processGO:0042136 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process NAS
 biological_processGO:0042423 catecholamine biosynthetic process NAS
 biological_processGO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005829 cytosol TAS
 cellular_componentGO:0070062 extracellular exosome HDA
 molecular_functionGO:0003824 catalytic activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0004497 monooxygenase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0004505 phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0005506 iron ion binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0016714 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0046872 metal ion binding IEA


Pathways (from Reactome)
Pathway description
Phenylketonuria
Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism


Phenotype (from MGI, Zfin or HPO)
IDPhenotypeDefinition Genetic BG
 HP:0000007 Autosomal recessive inheritance "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in homozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, autosomal recessive disorders manifest in homozygotes (with two copies of the mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000252 Microcephaly "Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is more than two standard deviations smaller than the age- and gender-dependent norm." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000518 Cataract "A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline `lens` (FMA:58241) of the eye or in its `capsule` (FMA:58881)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0000635 Blue irides 
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 HP:0000709 Psychosis "A condition characterized by changes of personality and thought patterns often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000716 Depression "A condition characterized by pervasive dysphoric mood, loss of interests, and inability to experience pleasure." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000717 Autism 
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 HP:0000718 Aggressive behavior "Aggressive behavior can denote verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, physical aggression against people, and may also include aggression towards oneself." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000722 Obsessive-compulsive disorder 
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 HP:0000737 Irritability 
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 HP:0000739 Anxiety 
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 HP:0000742 Self-mutilation 
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 HP:0000958 Dry skin 
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 HP:0000964 Eczema "Eczema is a form of dermatitis. The term eczema is broadly applied to a range of persistent skin conditions and can be related to a number of underlying conditions. Manifestations of eczema can include dryness and recurring skin rashes with redness, skin edema, itching and dryness, crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001010 Hypopigmentation of the skin 
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 HP:0001249 Mental retardation 
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 HP:0001250 Seizures "Seizures are an intermittent `abnormality of the central nervous system` (FMA:HP:0002011) due to a sudden, excessive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons and characterized clinically by some combination of disturbance of sensation, loss of consciousness, impairment of psychic function, or convulsive movements." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0001263 Developmental retardation "A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones manifested prior to age 18 and generally associated with lifelong mental and/or physical impairments." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001276 Hypertonia 
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 HP:0001337 Tremor "An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001347 Hyperreflexia "The presence of overactive or overresponsive reflexes." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001510 Growth retardation 
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 HP:0002017 Nausea and vomiting 
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 HP:0002286 Light colored hair 
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 HP:0002301 Hemiplegia "Paralysis (complete loss of muscle function) in the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002333 Motor deterioration 
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 HP:0002354 Memory impairment 
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 HP:0002514 Cerebral calcification "The presence of calcification within brain structures." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002686 Prenatal maternal abnormality 
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 HP:0004920 Phenylpyruvic acidemia 
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 HP:0004923 hyperphenylalaninemia 
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 HP:0005599 Hair hypopigmentation 
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 HP:0005982 Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency 
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 HP:0007018 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0007513 Generalized hypopigmentation 
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 HP:0010550 Paraplegia "Severe or complete weakness of both lower extremities with sparing of the upper extremities." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0010864 Mental retardation, severe "Moderate mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0100324 Scleroderma "A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis (or hardening), vascular alterations, and autoantibodies." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0100610 Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia 
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 HP:0100679 Lack of skin elasticity 
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 HP:0100716 Autoagression "Aggression towards oneself." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0410066 Increased level of hippuric acid in urine "An increase in the level of hippuric acid in the urine." [PMID:19551947, PMID:22626821]
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Interacting proteins (from Reactome)
Interactor ID Name Interaction type
 ENSG00000171759 PAH / P00439 / phenylalanine hydroxylase  / complex






 

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