| HP:0000006 | Autosomal dominant inheritance | "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000007 | Autosomal recessive inheritance | "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in homozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, autosomal recessive disorders manifest in homozygotes (with two copies of the mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000008 | Abnormality of female internal genitalia | |
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| HP:0000028 | Cryptorchidism | "Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the testis." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000044 | Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism | "Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by reduced function of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females) and results from the absence of the gonadal stimulating pituitary hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000048 | Bifid scrotum | "Separation of the two halves of the scrotum, whereby commonly the 2 halves of the scrotum meet above the penis." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000054 | Micropenis | |
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| HP:0000066 | Labial hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0000076 | Vesicoureteral reflux | "Abnormal (retrograde) movement of urine from the bladder into ureters or kidneys related to inadequacy of the valvular mechanism at the ureterovesicular junction or other causes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000085 | Horseshoe kidney | |
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| HP:0000089 | Renal hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0000104 | Renal agenesis | |
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| HP:0000126 | Hydronephrosis | |
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| HP:0000160 | Microstomia | "The presence of an abnormally small `mouth` (FMA:49184)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000175 | Cleft palate | "Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the `palate` (FMA:54549) resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000204 | Cleft lip | "A gap in the `upper lip` (FMA:59817). This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000252 | Microcephaly | "Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is more than two standard deviations smaller than the age- and gender-dependent norm." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000272 | Malar hypoplasia | "Underdeveloped midface region." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000275 | Narrow face | |
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| HP:0000286 | Epicanthus | "An epicanthal fold is a semilunar fold of skin that extends from the upper eyelid across the medial canthal area to the lower eyelid." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000316 | Hypertelorism | |
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| HP:0000321 | Square face | |
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| HP:0000324 | Facial asymmetry | |
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| HP:0000347 | Mandibular hypoplasia | "Underdevelopment of the mandible." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000365 | Hearing loss | |
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| HP:0000368 | Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears | |
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| HP:0000378 | Cup-shaped ears | "Small auricles that grow forward over the meatus (ear canal)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000384 | Preauricular skin tag | "A rudimentary tag of ear tissue often containing a core of cartilage and located just in front of the auricle (outer part of the ear)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000394 | Lop ears | "The term lop ear refers to excessive protrusion of the ear from the side of the head, that is, the external ear stands away from the head at a greater than normal angle (Normal angle of the auricle to the median plane averages 25 degrees in boys and 18 degrees in girls). Lop ears are usually larger than normal ears." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000396 | Overfolded helices | "A condition in which the upper edge of the ear is folded over to a greater degree than normal." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000410 | Mixed hearing loss | |
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| HP:0000453 | Choanal atresia | "Absence or abnormal closure of the choana (the posterior nasal aperture)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000458 | Anosmia | "An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000465 | Webbed neck | |
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| HP:0000480 | Retinal coloboma | |
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| HP:0000486 | Strabismus | "Strabismus (also known as squint) is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000494 | Downward slanting palpebral fissures | |
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| HP:0000504 | Abnormality of vision | "Abnormality of eyesight (visual perception)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000508 | Ptosis | "Drooping of the eyelid." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000528 | Anophthalmia | "Absence of a true eyeball." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000567 | Chorioretinal coloboma | |
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| HP:0000568 | Microphthalmos | "A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000612 | Iris coloboma | "A `coloboma` (HP:0000589) of the `iris` (FMA:58235)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0000625 | Eyelid, cleft | "A short discontinuity of the margin of the lower or upper eyelid." [pmid:19125427] |
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| HP:0000632 | Lacrimation abnormality | |
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| HP:0000639 | Nystagmus | "Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000648 | Optic atrophy | |
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| HP:0000684 | Delayed dentition | "Delayed eruption of teeth." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000717 | Autism | |
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| HP:0000722 | Obsessive-compulsive disorder | |
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| HP:0000771 | Gynecomastia | |
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| HP:0000772 | Abnormality of the ribs | |
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| HP:0000786 | Primary amenorrhea | |
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| HP:0000789 | Infertility | |
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| HP:0000821 | Hypothyroidism | |
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| HP:0000823 | Delayed puberty | |
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| HP:0000824 | Growth hormone deficiency | "Insufficient production of growth hormone, which is produced by the anterior pituitary gland." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000830 | Hypopituitarism | "A condition of reduced function of the pituitary gland characterized by decreased secretion of one or more of the eight pituitary hormones." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000834 | Abnormality of the adrenal glands | "Abnormality of the adrenal glands, i.e., of the endocrine glands located at the top of the kindneys." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0000860 | Parathyroid hypoplasia | |
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| HP:0001018 | Abnormal palmar dermatoglyphics | "An abnormality of the dermatoglyphs of the palms." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001156 | Brachydactyly | |
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| HP:0001161 | Polydactyly (hands) | |
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| HP:0001249 | Mental retardation | |
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| HP:0001252 | Muscular hypotonia | "Muscular hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is characterized by a diminished resistance to passive stretching." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001263 | Developmental retardation | "A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones manifested prior to age 18 and generally associated with lifelong mental and/or physical impairments." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001305 | Dandy-Walker malformation | "A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman s terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the body s ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001360 | Holoprosencephaly | "Holoprosencephaly is a structural anomaly of the brain in which the developing forebrain fails to divide into two separate hemispheres and ventricles." [gc:hpe] |
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| HP:0001511 | Intrauterine growth retardation | |
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| HP:0001537 | Umbilical hernia | "Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001539 | Omphalocele | |
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| HP:0001561 | Polyhydramnios | |
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| HP:0001601 | Laryngomalacia | |
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| HP:0001629 | Ventricular septal defect | "A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001631 | Atrial septal defect | "Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. The three common types of ASD are sinus venosus defects, ostium secundum defects, and ostium primum defects." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001636 | Tetralogy of Fallot | "A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001642 | Pulmonic stenosis | "A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis) or just below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis). Infundibular pulmonic stenosis is mostly caused by overgrowth of the heart muscle wall (hypertrophy of the septoparietal trabeculae). Pulmonic stenosis is often seen as a part of Fallot s tetralogy, in which case the events leading to the formation of the overriding aorta are also believed to be a cause of the pulmonic stenosis. The pulmonic stenosis is the major cause of the malformations seen in patients with Fallot tetralogy, with the other associated malformations acting as compensatory mechanisms to the pulmonic stenosis. The degree of stenosis varies between individuals with TOF, and is the primary determinant of symptoms and severity. This malformation is infrequently described as sub-pulmonary stenosis or subpulmonary obstruction." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001643 | Patent ductus arteriosus | |
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| HP:0001646 | Abnormality of the aortic valve | "Any abnormality of the `aortic valve` (FMA:7236)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0001671 | Abnormality of the cardiac septa | |
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| HP:0001719 | Double outlet right ventricle | |
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| HP:0001883 | Talipes | |
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| HP:0001888 | Lymphopenia | |
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| HP:0002015 | Dysphagia | "Difficulty in swallowing." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002020 | Gastroesophageal reflux | |
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| HP:0002023 | Anal atresia | "Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002025 | Anal stenosis | "Abnormal narrowing of the anal opening." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002032 | Esophageal atresia | "A developmental defect resulting in complete obliteration of the lumen of the esophagus such that the esophagus ends in a blind pouch rather than connecting to the stomach." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002093 | Respiratory insufficiency | |
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| HP:0002139 | Arrhinencephaly | |
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| HP:0002215 | Sparse axillary hair | |
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| HP:0002225 | Sparse pubic hair | |
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| HP:0002247 | Duodenal atresia | "A developmental defect resulting in complete obliteration of the duodenal lumen, that is, an abnormal closure of the duodenum." [HPO:curator] |
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| HP:0002410 | Aqueductal stenosis | "Stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct (also known as the mesencephalic duct, aqueductus mesencephali, or aqueduct of Sylvius), which connects the third cerebral ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002553 | Arched eyebrows | |
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| HP:0002575 | Tracheoesophageal fistula | "An abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002650 | Scoliosis | "The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002901 | Hypocalcemia | "A level of blood calcium that is lower than normal." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0002937 | Hemivertebrae | |
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| HP:0002992 | Abnormality of the tibia | "Abnormality of the tibia (shinbone)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003022 | Hypoplasia of the ulna | "Underdevelopment of the ulna." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0003745 | Sporadic | |
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| HP:0003812 | Phenotypic variability | |
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| HP:0003974 | Absent ossification/absence of radius | |
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| HP:0004058 | Monodactyly | |
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| HP:0004209 | Clinodactyly of the 5th finger | "Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the `fifth finger` (FMA:24949) in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0004322 | Decreased body height | "A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0004348 | Abnormality of bone mineral density | "This term applies to all changes in bone mineralisation and or ossification which (depending on severity) can be seen on x-rays as a change in density and or structure of the bone. Changes may affect all bones of the organism, just certain bones or only parts of bones and include decreased mineralisation as may be seen in osteoporosis or increased mineralisation and or ossification as in osteopetrosis, exostoses or any kind of atypic calicfications of different origin and distribution. The overall amount of mineralisation of the bone-organ can be measured as the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones, usually measured by densitometry of the lumbar spine or hip. The measurements are usually reported as g/cm3 or as a Z-score (the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the patient s age and sex). Note that measurement with this method does not reflect local changes in other bones, and as such might not be correct with regard the hole bone-organ." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0004496 | Posterior choanal atresia | "Absence or abnormal closure of the posterior portion of the choana (the posterior nasal aperture)." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0005113 | Dilatation of the aortic arch | |
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| HP:0005280 | Depressed nasal root and bridge | |
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| HP:0007018 | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0007360 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum | |
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| HP:0008213 | Pituitary gonadotropin deficiency | |
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| HP:0008551 | Underdeveloped ears | |
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| HP:0008572 | External ear malformation | |
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| HP:0008734 | Decreased testicular size | |
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| HP:0008872 | Feeding problems in infancy | |
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| HP:0008897 | Growth retardation, progressive | |
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| HP:0009778 | Hypoplastic/small thumb | |
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| HP:0009906 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the earlobes | "Absence or underdevelopment of the ear lobes." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0010443 | Bifid femur | "A bifid or bifurcated appearance of the femur as seen on x-rays, possible appearing as a more or less severe bowing of the upper leg. Might be associated with hip dysplasia on the affected side." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0010515 | Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thymus | "Absence or underdevelopment of the thymus." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0010628 | Facial muscle weakness | "A weakness of any or all of the muscles of the face of any etiology." [HPO:curators] |
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| HP:0010669 | Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone | "Underdevelopment of the `zygomatic bone` (FMA:52747)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0010751 | Chin dimple | "A persistent midline depression of the skin over the fat pad of the chin." [pmid:19125436] |
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| HP:0010978 | Abnormality of immune system physiology | "A functional abnormality of the `immune system` (FMA:9825)." [HPO:probinson, MP:0001790] |
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| HP:0011382 | Hypoplasia of the semicircular canal | "Underdevelopment of the semicircular canal." [DDD:dfitzpatrick] |
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| HP:0011611 | Interrupted aortic arch | "Non-continuity of the aortic arch with an atretic point or absent segment." [DDD:dbrown] |
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| HP:0011968 | Feeding difficulties | "Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it." [ISCA:eriggs] |
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| HP:0100736 | Abnormality of the soft palate | "An abnormality of the `soft palate` (FMA:55021)." [HPO:probinson] |
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| HP:0200021 | Rounded shoulders | |
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