ENSG00000198947


Homo sapiens

Features
Gene ID: ENSG00000198947
  
Biological name :DMD
  
Synonyms : DMD / dystrophin / P11532
  
Possible biological names infered from orthology :
  
Species: Homo sapiens
  
Chr. number: X
Strand: -1
Band: p21.1
Gene start: 31097677
Gene end: 33339441
  
Corresponding Affymetrix probe sets: 203881_s_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   207660_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   208086_s_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   234752_x_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   
  
Cross references: Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000367974
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000367951
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000367977
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000479270
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000478150
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000444119
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000417725
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000417123
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000417075
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000399897
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000395904
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000388559
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000367997
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000367979
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000288447
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000340057
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000350765
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000352894
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000354464
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000354923
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000367948
NCBI entrez gene - 1756     See in Manteia.
OMIM - 300377
RefSeq - NM_004022
RefSeq - NM_000109
RefSeq - NM_004006
RefSeq - NM_004009
RefSeq - NM_004010
RefSeq - NM_004011
RefSeq - NM_004012
RefSeq - NM_004013
RefSeq - NM_004014
RefSeq - NM_004015
RefSeq - NM_004016
RefSeq - NM_004017
RefSeq - NM_004018
RefSeq - NM_004019
RefSeq - NM_004020
RefSeq - NM_004021
RefSeq - NM_004023
RefSeq - XM_006724468
RefSeq - XM_006724469
RefSeq - XM_006724470
RefSeq - XM_006724473
RefSeq - XM_006724474
RefSeq - XM_006724475
RefSeq - XM_011545467
RefSeq - XM_011545468
RefSeq - XM_017029328
RefSeq - XM_017029331
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004013
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004014
RefSeq Peptide - NP_000100
RefSeq Peptide - NP_003997
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004000
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004001
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004002
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004003
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004004
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004005
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004006
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004007
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004008
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004009
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004010
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004011
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004012
swissprot - A0A0S2Z3J7
swissprot - A0A0S2Z3B5
swissprot - A0A0C4DH61
swissprot - A0A0B4J1W6
swissprot - A0A087WV90
swissprot - A0A087WTU7
swissprot - P11532
swissprot - Q14172
swissprot - Q14174
swissprot - A0A075B6G3
swissprot - Q4G0X0
swissprot - F5GZY3
swissprot - F8VX32
swissprot - H0Y304
swissprot - H0Y3E8
swissprot - H0Y864
swissprot - E9PDN5
swissprot - E7ESB2
swissprot - E7EQS5
swissprot - E7EQR9
swissprot - B4DSV7
Ensembl - ENSG00000198947
  
Related genetic diseases (OMIM): 300376 - Becker muscular dystrophy, 300376
  302045 - Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 3B, 302045
  310200 - Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 310200
See expression report in BioGPS
See gene description in Wikigenes
See gene description in GeneCards
See co-cited genes in PubMed


Ortholog prediction (from Ensembl)
Ortholog nameID Species
 dmdENSDARG00000008487Danio rerio
 DMDENSGALG00000016281Gallus gallus
 DmdENSMUSG00000045103Mus musculus


Paralog prediction (from Ensembl)
Paralog nameIDSimilarity(%)
UTRN / P46939 / utrophinENSG0000015281846
DRP2 / Q13474 / dystrophin related protein 2ENSG0000010238514
DTNA / Q9Y4J8 / dystrobrevin alphaENSG000001347695
DYTN / A2CJ06 / dystrotelinENSG000002321254
DTNB / O60941 / dystrobrevin betaENSG000001381014


Protein motifs (from Interpro)
Interpro ID Name
 IPR000433  Zinc finger, ZZ-type
 IPR001202  WW domain
 IPR001589  Actinin-type actin-binding domain, conserved site
 IPR001715  Calponin homology domain
 IPR002017  Spectrin repeat
 IPR011992  EF-hand domain pair
 IPR015153  EF-hand domain, type 1
 IPR015154  EF-hand domain, type 2
 IPR016344  Dystrophin
 IPR018159  Spectrin/alpha-actinin
 IPR034660  DinB/YfiT-like putative metalloenzymes
 IPR035436  Dystrophin/utrophin
 IPR036020  WW domain superfamily
 IPR036872  CH domain superfamily


Gene Ontology (GO)
TypeGO IDTermEv.Code
 biological_processGO:0001954 positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion IEA
 biological_processGO:0002027 regulation of heart rate IMP
 biological_processGO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated IEA
 biological_processGO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization IEA
 biological_processGO:0007517 muscle organ development NAS
 biological_processGO:0007519 skeletal muscle tissue development IEA
 biological_processGO:0007568 aging IEA
 biological_processGO:0008065 establishment of blood-nerve barrier IEA
 biological_processGO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation IEA
 biological_processGO:0009414 response to water deprivation IEA
 biological_processGO:0010468 regulation of gene expression IEA
 biological_processGO:0010880 regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum ISS
 biological_processGO:0010881 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion ISS
 biological_processGO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development IEA
 biological_processGO:0014809 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion ISS
 biological_processGO:0014819 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction ISS
 biological_processGO:0014894 response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation IEA
 biological_processGO:0014904 myotube cell development IEA
 biological_processGO:0021629 olfactory nerve structural organization IEA
 biological_processGO:0021987 cerebral cortex development IEA
 biological_processGO:0030049 muscle filament sliding TAS
 biological_processGO:0030154 cell differentiation IEA
 biological_processGO:0030182 neuron differentiation IEA
 biological_processGO:0033137 negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation ISS
 biological_processGO:0034613 cellular protein localization IMP
 biological_processGO:0034622 cellular protein-containing complex assembly ISS
 biological_processGO:0035994 response to muscle stretch ISS
 biological_processGO:0042391 regulation of membrane potential IEA
 biological_processGO:0042692 muscle cell differentiation IEA
 biological_processGO:0043043 peptide biosynthetic process IDA
 biological_processGO:0043403 skeletal muscle tissue regeneration IEA
 biological_processGO:0045213 neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process IEA
 biological_processGO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
 biological_processGO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
 biological_processGO:0046716 muscle cell cellular homeostasis ISS
 biological_processGO:0048747 muscle fiber development ISS
 biological_processGO:0048812 neuron projection morphogenesis IEA
 biological_processGO:0051647 nucleus localization IEA
 biological_processGO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle IEA
 biological_processGO:0060048 cardiac muscle contraction IMP
 biological_processGO:0060314 regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity ISS
 biological_processGO:0060857 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier IEA
 biological_processGO:0070373 negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IEA
 biological_processGO:0086001 cardiac muscle cell action potential ISS
 biological_processGO:0090287 regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus IEA
 biological_processGO:1901385 regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity ISS
 biological_processGO:1902083 negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation ISS
 biological_processGO:2000651 positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity ISS
 cellular_componentGO:0005634 nucleus IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005794 Golgi apparatus IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005829 cytosol TAS
 cellular_componentGO:0005840 ribosome IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005856 cytoskeleton IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005883 neurofilament IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005886 plasma membrane IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0009986 cell surface IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0014069 postsynaptic density IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0016010 dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex TAS
 cellular_componentGO:0016013 syntrophin complex TAS
 cellular_componentGO:0016020 membrane IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane TAS
 cellular_componentGO:0030016 myofibril IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0030018 Z disc ISS
 cellular_componentGO:0030027 lamellipodium IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0030054 cell junction IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0030055 cell-substrate junction ISS
 cellular_componentGO:0030141 secretory granule IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0030175 filopodium IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0030424 axon IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0030672 synaptic vesicle membrane IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0031527 filopodium membrane IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0032991 protein-containing complex IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0042383 sarcolemma IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0042995 cell projection IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0043005 neuron projection IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0043025 neuronal cell body IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0043034 costamere IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0044306 neuron projection terminus ISS
 cellular_componentGO:0045121 membrane raft ISS
 cellular_componentGO:0045202 synapse IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0045211 postsynaptic membrane IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0097449 astrocyte projection IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0099617 matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0002162 dystroglycan binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0003779 actin binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0005178 integrin binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0005200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton TAS
 molecular_functionGO:0005515 protein binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0005521 lamin binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0008270 zinc ion binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0008307 structural constituent of muscle TAS
 molecular_functionGO:0017022 myosin binding IDA
 molecular_functionGO:0017166 vinculin binding IPI
 molecular_functionGO:0030165 PDZ domain binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0046872 metal ion binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0050998 nitric-oxide synthase binding ISS


Pathways (from Reactome)
Pathway description
Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions
Striated Muscle Contraction


Phenotype (from MGI, Zfin or HPO)
IDPhenotypeDefinition Genetic BG
 HP:0000407 Hearing loss, sensorineural "Hearing loss caused by damage or dysfunction of the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII)." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0000750 Impaired language development 
Show

 HP:0000982 Palmoplantar keratoderma 
Show

 HP:0001249 Mental retardation 
Show

 HP:0001252 Muscular hypotonia "Muscular hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is characterized by a diminished resistance to passive stretching." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001256 Mental retardation, mild "Mild mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001263 Developmental retardation "A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones manifested prior to age 18 and generally associated with lifelong mental and/or physical impairments." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001265 Hyporeflexia 
Show

 HP:0001270 Motor retardation 
Show

 HP:0001290 Generalized hypotonia "Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone)." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001324 Muscle weakness "Reduced strength of muscles." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001328 Learning disability 
Show

 HP:0001371 Contractures 
Show

 HP:0001417 X-linked inheritance "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001419 X-linked recessive inheritance "A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001635 Congestive heart failure "The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0001638 Cardiomyopathy 
Show

 HP:0001644 Dilated cardiomyopathy 
Show

 HP:0001763 Pes planus "A condition in which the arch of the foot is flat, with the entire sole of the foot being in near-complete contact with the ground." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001874 Abnormality of neutrophil 
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 HP:0002093 Respiratory insufficiency 
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 HP:0002355 Difficulty walking 
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 HP:0002515 Waddling gait 
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 HP:0002527 Falls 
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 HP:0002650 Scoliosis "The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0002791 Hypoventilation 
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 HP:0002878 Early respiratory failure 
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 HP:0002910 Elevated transaminases "Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0002913 Myoglobinuria 
Show

 HP:0003198 Myopathy 
Show

 HP:0003202 Amyotrophy "The presence of muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy)." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0003236 Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase 
Show

 HP:0003307 Hyperlordosis 
Show

 HP:0003323 Muscle weakness, progressive 
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 HP:0003326 Myalgia "A tendency to experience muscle pain." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0003391 Gower sign "A phenomen whereby patients are not able to stand up without the use of the hands owing to weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower limbs." [HPO:probinson]
Show

 HP:0003394 Muscle cramps 
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 HP:0003457 Abnormal EMG findings "Abnormal results of investigations using electromyography (EMG)." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0003546 Exercise intolerance 
Show

 HP:0003551 Difficulty climbing stairs 
Show

 HP:0003560 Muscular dystrophy "The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the apoptosis of muscle cells." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0003581 Onset in adulthood 
Show

 HP:0003701 Proximal muscle weakness "A lack of strength of the proximal muscles." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0003707 Calf muscle pseudohypertrophy 
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 HP:0008981 Muscular hypertrophy, esp calf muscles "Muscle hypertrophy primarily affecting the calf muscles." [HPO:curators]
Show

 HP:0011463 Childhood onset "Onset of disease at the age of between 1 and 5 years." [DDD:hfirth]
Show

 HP:0011675 Arrhythmia "Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both." [DDD:dbrown, pmid:19063792]
Show

 HP:0012086 Abnormal urinary color "An abnormal color of the urine, that is, the color of the urine appears different from the usual straw-yellow color." [HPO:probinson]
Show

 HP:0012378 Fatigue "A subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation." [HPO:probinson]
Show

 HP:0040083 Toe walking 
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 HP:0100543 Cognitive impairment "Abnormality in the process of thought including the ability to process information." [HPO:sdoelken]
Show

 HP:0100578 Lipoatrophy "Localized loss of fat tissue." [HPO:sdoelken]
Show

  


Interacting proteins (from Reactome)
Interactor ID Name Interaction type
 ENSG00000135862 LAMC1 / P11047 / laminin subunit gamma 1  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000196569 LAMA2 / P24043 / laminin subunit alpha 2  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000173402 DAG1 / Q14118 / dystroglycan 1  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000101680 LAMA1 / P25391 / laminin subunit alpha 1  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000091136 LAMB1 / P07942 / laminin subunit beta 1  / reaction / complex






 

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