ENSG00000157764


Homo sapiens

Features
Gene ID: ENSG00000157764
  
Biological name :BRAF
  
Synonyms : BRAF / B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase / P15056
  
Possible biological names infered from orthology :
  
Species: Homo sapiens
  
Chr. number: 7
Strand: -1
Band: q34
Gene start: 140719327
Gene end: 140924928
  
Corresponding Affymetrix probe sets: 206044_s_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   226391_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   236402_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   243829_at (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)   
  
Cross references: Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000495858
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000496776
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000288602
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000418033
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000419060
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000420119
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000493543
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000493678
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000493783
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000494784
Ensembl peptide - ENSP00000495132
NCBI entrez gene - 673     See in Manteia.
OMIM - 164757
RefSeq - XM_005250045
RefSeq - XM_017012559
RefSeq - XM_017012558
RefSeq - NM_001354609
RefSeq - NM_004333
RefSeq Peptide - NP_001341538
RefSeq Peptide - NP_004324
swissprot - P15056
swissprot - H7C4S5
swissprot - H7C5K3
swissprot - H7C560
Ensembl - ENSG00000157764
  
Related genetic diseases (OMIM): 211980 - Adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic, 211980
  115150 - Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, 115150
  164757 - Colorectal cancer, somatic
  613707 - LEOPARD syndrome 3, 613707
  613706 - Noonan syndrome 7, 613706
See expression report in BioGPS
See gene description in Wikigenes
See gene description in GeneCards
See co-cited genes in PubMed


Ortholog prediction (from Ensembl)
Ortholog nameID Species
 brafENSDARG00000017661Danio rerio
 BRAFENSGALG00000012865Gallus gallus
 BrafENSMUSG00000002413Mus musculus


Paralog prediction (from Ensembl)
Paralog nameIDSimilarity(%)
RAF1 / P04049 / Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseENSG0000013215548
ARAF / P10398 / A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseENSG0000007806147
KSR2 / Q6VAB6 / kinase suppressor of ras 2ENSG0000017143523
KSR1 / Q8IVT5 / kinase suppressor of ras 1ENSG0000014106821


Protein motifs (from Interpro)
Interpro ID Name
 IPR000719  Protein kinase domain
 IPR001245  Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain
 IPR002219  Protein kinase C-like, phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domain
 IPR003116  Raf-like Ras-binding
 IPR008271  Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site
 IPR011009  Protein kinase-like domain superfamily
 IPR017441  Protein kinase, ATP binding site
 IPR020454  Diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester binding
 IPR029071  Ubiquitin-like domain superfamily


Gene Ontology (GO)
TypeGO IDTermEv.Code
 biological_processGO:0000165 MAPK cascade TAS
 biological_processGO:0000186 activation of MAPKK activity IEA
 biological_processGO:0002318 myeloid progenitor cell differentiation IMP
 biological_processGO:0006468 protein phosphorylation IEA
 biological_processGO:0007165 signal transduction IEA
 biological_processGO:0008542 visual learning IMP
 biological_processGO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis TAS
 biological_processGO:0009968 negative regulation of signal transduction IBA
 biological_processGO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression IMP
 biological_processGO:0010764 negative regulation of fibroblast migration IMP
 biological_processGO:0010828 positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport IDA
 biological_processGO:0016310 phosphorylation IEA
 biological_processGO:0030154 cell differentiation IBA
 biological_processGO:0030878 thyroid gland development IGI
 biological_processGO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IDA
 biological_processGO:0035019 somatic stem cell population maintenance IGI
 biological_processGO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction IEA
 biological_processGO:0035690 cellular response to drug IDA
 biological_processGO:0042127 regulation of cell proliferation IGI
 biological_processGO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process TAS
 biological_processGO:0043367 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation IMP
 biological_processGO:0043368 positive T cell selection IMP
 biological_processGO:0043369 CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment IMP
 biological_processGO:0043434 response to peptide hormone IMP
 biological_processGO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process IMP
 biological_processGO:0045580 regulation of T cell differentiation IMP
 biological_processGO:0046632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation IMP
 biological_processGO:0048538 thymus development IGI
 biological_processGO:0048679 regulation of axon regeneration IGI
 biological_processGO:0048680 positive regulation of axon regeneration IDA
 biological_processGO:0050772 positive regulation of axonogenesis IMP
 biological_processGO:0050852 T cell receptor signaling pathway IDA
 biological_processGO:0051291 protein heterooligomerization IPI
 biological_processGO:0051496 positive regulation of stress fiber assembly IMP
 biological_processGO:0051591 response to cAMP IMP
 biological_processGO:0060291 long-term synaptic potentiation IMP
 biological_processGO:0060323 head morphogenesis IMP
 biological_processGO:0060324 face development IGI
 biological_processGO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
 biological_processGO:0070413 trehalose metabolism in response to stress IMP
 biological_processGO:0071277 cellular response to calcium ion IDA
 biological_processGO:0090150 establishment of protein localization to membrane IDA
 biological_processGO:1900026 positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading IMP
 biological_processGO:1990090 cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus IEP
 biological_processGO:2000301 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis IMP
 biological_processGO:2000352 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process IMP
 cellular_componentGO:0005622 intracellular IBA
 cellular_componentGO:0005634 nucleus IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0005739 mitochondrion IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0005829 cytosol TAS
 cellular_componentGO:0005886 plasma membrane IBA
 cellular_componentGO:0016020 membrane IEA
 cellular_componentGO:0043005 neuron projection IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA
 cellular_componentGO:0044297 cell body IDA
 molecular_functionGO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0004672 protein kinase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0004709 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity IBA
 molecular_functionGO:0005057 obsolete signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0005509 calcium ion binding IDA
 molecular_functionGO:0005515 protein binding IPI
 molecular_functionGO:0005524 ATP binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0016301 kinase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0016740 transferase activity IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0017016 Ras GTPase binding IDA
 molecular_functionGO:0031434 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding IBA
 molecular_functionGO:0042802 identical protein binding IPI
 molecular_functionGO:0046872 metal ion binding IEA
 molecular_functionGO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity IPI


Pathways (from Reactome)
Pathway description
Spry regulation of FGF signaling
Frs2-mediated activation
ARMS-mediated activation
Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN
CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras
RAF activation
MAP2K and MAPK activation
Negative feedback regulation of MAPK pathway
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway
Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants
Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants
Signaling by RAS mutants
Signaling by BRAF and RAF fusions
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF


Phenotype (from MGI, Zfin or HPO)
IDPhenotypeDefinition Genetic BG
 HP:0000006 Autosomal dominant inheritance "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000007 Autosomal recessive inheritance "A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in homozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, autosomal recessive disorders manifest in homozygotes (with two copies of the mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000028 Cryptorchidism "Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the testis." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000044 Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism "Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by reduced function of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females) and results from the absence of the gonadal stimulating pituitary hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000047 Hypospadias "Displacement of the urethral opening on the ventral (inferior) surface of the penis." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000126 Hydronephrosis 
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 HP:0000135 Hypogonadism "Reduced function of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000144 Decreased fertility 
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 HP:0000164 Abnormality of the teeth "Any abnormality of the primary (deciduous) or permanent teeth." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000176 Submucous cleft palate "A cleft palate that is covered by the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth, which can make the cleft more difficult to observe upon physical examination. Soft-palate submucous clefts are characterized by a midline deficiency or lack of muscle tissue. Hard-palate submucous clefts are characterized by bony defects in the midline of the bony palate. It may be possible to detect a submucous cleft palate upon palpation as a notch in the bony palate." [HPO:curators, pmid:19779505]
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 HP:0000179 Prominent lower lip "Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000194 Open mouth 
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 HP:0000218 High palate "Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective)." [pmid:19125428]
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 HP:0000238 Hydrocephalus 
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 HP:0000248 Brachycephaly "Brachycephaly refers to a short, wide head, which is often caused by premature closure of both coronal sutures." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000256 Macrocephaly "The presence of an abnormally large `skull` (FMA:46565)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0000268 Dolichocephaly 
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 HP:0000276 Long face 
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 HP:0000280 Coarse facial features 
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 HP:0000286 Epicanthus "An epicanthal fold is a semilunar fold of skin that extends from the upper eyelid across the medial canthal area to the lower eyelid." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000293 Full cheeks 
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 HP:0000316 Hypertelorism 
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 HP:0000325 Triangular facies 
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 HP:0000341 Narrow forehead "An abnormally reduced side-to-side width of the forehead." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000343 Long philtrum 
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 HP:0000347 Mandibular hypoplasia "Underdevelopment of the mandible." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000348 High forehead "An abnormally increased height of the forehead." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000358 Posteriorly rotated ears "A type of `abnormal location of the ears` (HP:0000357) in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0000365 Hearing loss 
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 HP:0000368 Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 
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 HP:0000369 Low-set ears "Low-set ears are defined to be set below an arbitrary line drawn between the lateral canthus of the eye and the occipital protruberance." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000391 Thickened helices 
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 HP:0000400 Large ears 
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 HP:0000407 Hearing loss, sensorineural "Hearing loss caused by damage or dysfunction of the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000414 Bulbous nose 
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 HP:0000431 Broad nasal bridge "Increased horizontal dimension of the upper, bony part of the nose." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000463 Nares, anteverted "Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject." [pmid:19152422]
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 HP:0000465 Webbed neck 
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 HP:0000470 Short neck 
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 HP:0000474 Excess nuchal skin 
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 HP:0000476 Cystic hygroma of the neck "A cystic lymphatic lesion of the neck." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000486 Strabismus "Strabismus (also known as squint) is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000488 Retinopathy 
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 HP:0000494 Downward slanting palpebral fissures 
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 HP:0000504 Abnormality of vision "Abnormality of eyesight (visual perception)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000508 Ptosis "Drooping of the eyelid." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000520 Proptosis 
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 HP:0000529 Progressive visual loss 
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 HP:0000545 Myopia 
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 HP:0000561 Absent eyelashes "Lack of eyelashes." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000637 Wide palpebral fissures 
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 HP:0000639 Nystagmus "Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000648 Optic atrophy 
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 HP:0000657 Oculomotor apraxia 
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 HP:0000689 Dental malocclusion "Dental malocclusion refers to an abnormality of the occlusion, or alignment, of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together, resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000767 Pectus excavatum "A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000768 Pectus carinatum "A deformity of the chest caused by overgrowth of the ribs and characterized by protrusion of the sternum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000823 Delayed puberty 
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 HP:0000863 Central diabetes insipidus "A form of diabetes insipidus related to a failure of vasopressin (AVP) release from the hypothalamus." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000870 Hyperprolactinemia "The presence of abnormally increased levels of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a role in breast development and lactation during pregnancy." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000912 Sprengel anomaly "A complex deformity characterized by congenital elevation of the scapula." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000914 Shield chest 
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 HP:0000915 Pectus excavatum inferiorly "Pectus excavatum (defect of the chest wall characterized by depression of the sternum) affecting primarily the inferior region of the sternum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000917 Pectus carinatum superiorly "Pectus carinatum affecting primarily the superior part of the sternum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000925 Abnormality of the vertebral column "Any abnormality of the spine (vertebral column)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000938 Osteopenia "Osteopenia refers to a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) below normal peak BMD but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. According to the WHO, osteopenia is characterized by a value of BMD more than 1 standard deviation below the young adult mean, but less than 2 standard deviations below this value." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000953 Hyperpigmentation 
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 HP:0000958 Dry skin 
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 HP:0000962 Hyperkeratosis "Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is composed of large, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin which are the dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0000974 Hyperextensible skin 
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 HP:0000982 Palmoplantar keratoderma 
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 HP:0000995 Pigmented nevi "The presence of increased numbers of pigmented nevi, that is, of small, dark spots on the skin. Pigmented nevi are also known as melanocytic nevi or moles." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001003 Multiple lentigines 
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 HP:0001004 Lymphedema 
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 HP:0001047 Atopic dermatitis 
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 HP:0001048 Cavernous hemangioma "The presence of a cavernous hemangioma. A hemangioma characterized by large endothelial spaces (caverns) is called a cavernous hemangioma." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001054 Numerous nevi 
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 HP:0001085 Papilledema "Papilledema refers to edema (swelling) of the optic disc secondary to any factor which increases cerebral spinal fluid pressure." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001093 Optic nerve dysplasia 
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 HP:0001117 Sudden central visual loss 
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 HP:0001156 Brachydactyly 
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 HP:0001187 Hyperextensibility of the finger joints "The ability of the finger joints to move beyond their normal range of motion." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001249 Mental retardation 
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 HP:0001250 Seizures "Seizures are an intermittent `abnormality of the central nervous system` (FMA:HP:0002011) due to a sudden, excessive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons and characterized clinically by some combination of disturbance of sensation, loss of consciousness, impairment of psychic function, or convulsive movements." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0001252 Muscular hypotonia "Muscular hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is characterized by a diminished resistance to passive stretching." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001256 Mental retardation, mild "Mild mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001259 Coma 
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 HP:0001260 Dysarthria "Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001262 Somnolence 
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 HP:0001263 Developmental retardation "A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones manifested prior to age 18 and generally associated with lifelong mental and/or physical impairments." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001276 Hypertonia 
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 HP:0001290 Generalized hypotonia "Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001319 Neonatal hypotonia "Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001324 Muscle weakness "Reduced strength of muscles." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001425 Heterogeneous 
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 HP:0001480 Freckling 
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 HP:0001482 Subcutaneous nodules 
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 HP:0001508 Failure to thrive 
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 HP:0001511 Intrauterine growth retardation 
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 HP:0001513 Obesity "A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY)." [MeSH:D009765]
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 HP:0001531 Failure to thrive in infancy 
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 HP:0001561 Polyhydramnios 
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 HP:0001582 Loose, redundant skin 
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 HP:0001608 Abnormality of the voice "Any abnormality of the voice." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001622 Premature birth 
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 HP:0001629 Ventricular septal defect "A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001631 Atrial septal defect "Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. The three common types of ASD are sinus venosus defects, ostium secundum defects, and ostium primum defects." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001633 Abnormality of the mitral valve "An abnormality of the `mitral valve` (FMA:7235)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0001634 Mitral valve prolapse 
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 HP:0001636 Tetralogy of Fallot "A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001639 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
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 HP:0001641 Abnormality of the pulmonary valve "An abnormality of the `pulmonary valve` (FMA:7246)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0001642 Pulmonic stenosis "A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis) or just below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis). Infundibular pulmonic stenosis is mostly caused by overgrowth of the heart muscle wall (hypertrophy of the septoparietal trabeculae). Pulmonic stenosis is often seen as a part of Fallot s tetralogy, in which case the events leading to the formation of the overriding aorta are also believed to be a cause of the pulmonic stenosis. The pulmonic stenosis is the major cause of the malformations seen in patients with Fallot tetralogy, with the other associated malformations acting as compensatory mechanisms to the pulmonic stenosis. The degree of stenosis varies between individuals with TOF, and is the primary determinant of symptoms and severity. This malformation is infrequently described as sub-pulmonary stenosis or subpulmonary obstruction." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001643 Patent ductus arteriosus 
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 HP:0001646 Abnormality of the aortic valve "Any abnormality of the `aortic valve` (FMA:7236)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001654 Abnormality of the heart valves "An abnormality of a `Cardiac valve` (FMA:7110)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0001658 Myocardial infarction 
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 HP:0001680 Coarctation of aorta "Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing or constriction of the aorta just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001743 Abnormality of the spleen 
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 HP:0001744 Splenomegaly "An abnormal enlargement of the spleen." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001892 Bleeding diathesis "An abnormal susceptibility to bleeding because of a defect in coagulation." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0001928 Abnormality of coagulation 
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 HP:0002002 Deep philtrum 
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 HP:0002007 Frontal bossing "The presence of an unusually prominent forehead." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002013 Vomiting 
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 HP:0002015 Dysphagia "Difficulty in swallowing." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002017 Nausea and vomiting 
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 HP:0002019 Constipation 
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 HP:0002020 Gastroesophageal reflux 
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 HP:0002033 Poor suck "An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002120 Cerebral cortical atrophy 
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 HP:0002162 Low posterior hairline 
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 HP:0002208 Coarse hair 
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 HP:0002212 Curly hair 
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 HP:0002213 Fine hair 
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 HP:0002217 Slow-growing hair 
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 HP:0002223 Absent eyebrows 
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 HP:0002240 Hepatomegaly "An abnormal enlargment of the liver." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002299 Fine, brittle hair 
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 HP:0002315 Headache "Cephalgia, or pain in the head originating from the cerebral vault." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002321 Vertigo "An abnormal sensation of spinning while the body is actually stationary." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002353 EEG abnormalities "Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain s spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002514 Cerebral calcification "The presence of calcification within brain structures." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002516 Increased intracranial pressure 
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 HP:0002591 Polyphagia 
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 HP:0002617 Aneurysm 
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 HP:0002637 Cerebral ischemia 
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 HP:0002650 Scoliosis "The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002659 Increased susceptibility to fractures "An abnormally increased tendency to fractures of bones caused by an abnormal reduction in bone strength that is generally associated with an increased risk of fracture." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0002664 Neoplasia "An organ or organ-system abnormality that consists of uncontrolled autonomous cell-proliferation which can occur in any part of the body as a benign or malignant tumour or neoplasm." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002705 High, narrow palate "The presence of a high and narrow palate." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002719 Recurrent infections 
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 HP:0002750 Delayed skeletal maturation "A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002751 Kyphoscoliosis 
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 HP:0002797 Osteolysis 
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 HP:0002857 Genu valgum 
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 HP:0002861 Malignant melanoma "A malignant skin tumor of originating from melanocytes, pigment cells normally present in the epidermis and sometimes in the dermis." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002863 Myelodysplasia 
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 HP:0002967 Cubitus valgus 
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 HP:0002974 Radioulnar synostosis "An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0002997 Abnormality of the ulna "Ab abnormality of the ulna bone of the forearm." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0003006 Neuroblastoma "Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor that originate in neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Most neuroblastomas originate in the abdomen, and most abdominal neuroblastomas originate in the adrenal gland. Neuroblastomas can also originate in the thorax, usually in the posterior mediastinum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0003196 Nasal hypoplasia "Underdevelopment of the `nose` (FMA:46472)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0003251 Male infertility 
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 HP:0003298 Spina bifida occulta "The closed form of spina bifida." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0003477 Axonal neuropathy 
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 HP:0003508 Proportionate short stature "Short stature affecting the trunk and the limbs proportionately." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0003577 Onset at birth 
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 HP:0003691 Scapular winging 
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 HP:0004209 Clinodactyly of the 5th finger "Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the `fifth finger` (FMA:24949) in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0004306 Abnormality of the endocardium "An abnormality of the `endocardium` (FMA:7280)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0004322 Decreased body height "A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0004414 Abnormality of the pulmonary artery 
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 HP:0004415 Pulmonary artery stenosis 
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 HP:0004422 Biparietal narrowing "A narrowing of the biparietal diameter (i.e., of the transverse distance between the protuberances of the two parietal bones of the skull)." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0004482 Relative macrocephaly "A relatively mild degree of macrocephaly in which the head circumference is not above two standard deviations from the mean, but appears dysproportionately large when other factors such as body stature are taken into account." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0004841 Factor XII deficiency 
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 HP:0004859 amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia 
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 HP:0005280 Depressed nasal root and bridge 
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 HP:0005692 Joint hyperflexibility 
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 HP:0005978 Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 
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 HP:0006114 Multiple palmar creases 
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 HP:0006191 Deep palmar creases "An increased depth of the palmar creases." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0006519 Alveolar cell carcinoma 
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 HP:0006610 Wide intermamillary distance 
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 HP:0006695 Tricuspid and mitral valves are replaced by a single inlet valve 
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 HP:0007333 Hypoplastic frontal lobes "Underdevelopment of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0007370 Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum "Absence or underdevelopment of the corpus callosum." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0007392 Excessive wrinkled skin 
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 HP:0007440 Generalized hyperpigmentation 
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 HP:0007477 Abnormal dermatoglyphics "An abnormality of dermatoglyphs (fingerprints), which are present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0007565 Multiple cafe-au-lait spots 
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 HP:0007924 Slow decrease in visual acuity 
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 HP:0007987 Progressive visual field defects 
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 HP:0008064 Ichthyosiform abnormality of the skin 
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 HP:0008070 Sparse hair 
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 HP:0008113 Multiple plantar creases 
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 HP:0008245 Tsh deficient hypothyroidism 
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 HP:0008357 Partial deficiency of factor XIII:C 
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 HP:0008391 Mildly dystrophic fingernails 
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 HP:0008625 Severe sensorineural hearing loss 
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 HP:0008872 Feeding problems in infancy 
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 HP:0008897 Growth retardation, progressive 
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 HP:0009466 Radial deviation of fingers 
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 HP:0009719 Hypomelanotic macules "Hypomelanotic macules ("ash leaf spots") are white or lighter patches of skin that may appear anywhere on the body and are caused by a lack of melanin. White ash leaf-shaped macules are considered to be characteristic of tuberous sclerosis." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0009891 Hypoplasia of the supraorbital ridges "Underdevelopment of the supraorbital ridges." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0009908 Earlobe crease "The presence of a crease in the ear lobe." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0010318 Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the abdominal wall musculature "Absence or underdevelopment of the abdominal wall musculature." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0010535 Sleep apnea "An intermittent cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose during sleep. Apneas of at least 10 seconds are considered important, but persons with sleep apnea may have apneas of 20 seconds to up to 2 or 3 minutes. Patients may have up to 15 events per hour of sleep." [HPO:curators]
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 HP:0010576 Cystic malformations affecting the central nervous system 
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 HP:0010669 Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone "Underdevelopment of the `zygomatic bone` (FMA:52747)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0010807 Open bite "Visible space between the dental arches in occlusion." [pmid:19125428]
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 HP:0010939 Abnormality of the nasal bone "An abnormality of the `nasal bone` (FMA:52745), comprising the `left nasal bone` (FMA:53648) and the `right nasal bone` (FMA:53647)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0011220 Prominent forehead "Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone." [pmid:19125436]
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 HP:0011362 Abnormal hair quantity "An abnormal amount of hair." [DDD:cmoss]
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 HP:0011381 Aplasia of the semicircular canal "Absence of the semicircular canal." [DDD:dfitzpatrick]
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 HP:0011675 Arrhythmia "Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both." [DDD:dbrown, pmid:19063792]
Show

 HP:0011710 Bundle branch block "Block of conduction of electrical impulses along the Bundle of His or along one of its bundle branches." [DDD:dbrown, HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0011734 Central adrenal insufficiency "A form of adrenal insufficiency related to a lack of ACTH, which leads to a decrease in the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone production is not usually affected." [DDD:spark]
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 HP:0011750 Neoplasm of the anterior pituitary "The presence of a `neoplasm` (MPATH:218) (tumour) in the `adenohypophysis` (FMA:74627), which is also known as the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland." [DDD:spark]
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 HP:0011800 Midface retrusion "Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle." [DDD:jclayton-smith]
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 HP:0011869 Abnormal platelet function "Any anomaly in the function of thrombocytes." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0012286 Abnormal hypothalamus morphology "Any structural anomaly of the `hypothalamus` (FMA:62008)." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0012505 Enlarged pituitary gland "An abnormally increased size of the `pituitary gland` (FMA:13889)." [ORCID:0000-0001-5208-3432]
Show

 HP:0012719 Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract "Abnormal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0030084 Clinodactyly "An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe)." [pmid:16252026]
Show

 HP:0030521 Bitemporal hemianopia 
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 HP:0030588 Abnormal visual field test 
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 HP:0100542 Abnormal localization of kidneys 
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 HP:0100543 Cognitive impairment "Abnormality in the process of thought including the ability to process information." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0100625 Enlarged thorax 
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 HP:0100697 Neurofibrosarcoma "A form of malignant cancer of the connective tissue surrounding nerves. Given its origin and behavior it is classified as a sarcoma. About half the cases are diagnosed in people with neurofibromatosis." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0100703 Tongue thrusting 
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 HP:0100730 Bronchogenic cyst "A rare congenital cystic lesion of the lungs in the mediastinum." [HPO:sdoelken]
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 HP:0100769 Synovitis 
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 HP:0100840 Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow "Absence or underdevelopment of the eyebrow." [HPO:probinson]
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 HP:0200034 skin papules "A circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to less than 10mm in diameter at the widest point." [HPO:SKOEHLER]
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 HP:0200036 skin nodules "Morphologically similar to a papule, but greater than either 10mm in both width and depth, and most frequently centered in the dermis or subcutaneous fat." [HPO:SKOEHLER]
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 HP:0200102 Sparse/absent eyelashes 
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 HP:0430000 Abnormality of the frontal bone "An abnormality of the frontal bone." [GOC:MG]
Show

  


Interacting proteins (from Reactome)
Interactor ID Name Interaction type
 ENSG00000011485 PPP5C / P53041 / protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit  / reaction
 ENSG00000100030 MAPK1 / P28482 / mitogen-activated protein kinase 1  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000075413 MARK3 / P27448 / microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000126458 RRAS / P10301 / RAS related  / complex
 ENSG00000132155 RAF1 / P04049 / Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000134313 Q9ULH0 / KIDINS220 / kinase D interacting substrate 220  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000126934 MAP2K2 / P36507 / mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000089220 PEBP1 / P30086 / phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000102882 MAPK3 / P27361 / mitogen-activated protein kinase 3  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000133703 KRAS / P01116 / KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000058404 CAMK2B / Q13554 / calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta  / reaction
 ENSG00000167193 CRK / P46108 / CRK proto-oncogene, adaptor protein  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000078061 ARAF / P10398 / A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000174775 HRAS / P01112 / HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000148660 CAMK2G / Q13555 / calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma  / reaction
 ENSG00000141068 KSR1 / Q8IVT5 / kinase suppressor of ras 1  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000169032 MAP2K1 / Q02750 / mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000166913 YWHAB / P31946 / tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein beta  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000198400 NTRK1 / P04629 / neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000157764 BRAF / P15056 / B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000213281 NRAS / P01111 / NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000134259 NGF / P01138 / nerve growth factor  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000123154 WDR83 / Q9BRX9 / WD repeat domain 83  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000116473 RAP1A / P62834 / RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000116586 Q9Y2Q5 / LAMTOR2 / late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 2  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000109270 Q9UHA4 / LAMTOR3 / late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 3  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000145349 CAMK2D / Q13557 / calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta  / reaction
 ENSG00000152214 RIT2 / Q99578 / Ras like without CAAX 2  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000163291 PAQR3 / Q6TCH7 / progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3  / reaction / complex
 ENSG00000070808 CAMK2A / Q9UQM7 / calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha  / reaction
 ENSG00000143622 RIT1 / Q92963 / Ras like without CAAX 1  / complex / reaction
 ENSG00000136158 SPRY2 / O43597 / sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2  / complex






 

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